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Home » Our Product » Process of Recycling Lead

Process of Recycling Lead

When Lead Acid Batteries are replaced, they contain spent acid with some lead dissolved in it. These used batteries are soldin the open market to lead recyclers where they are drained before being put into the process of recycling. Further in manyunits, plastic containers of the batteries, after cutting and opening, are washed to remove any lead in them. The drained acid alongwith any washing effluent of the plastic scrap comprises of the effluent that needs treatment at the Effluent TreatmentPlant (ETP). This ETP is also commonly called Acid Neutralisation System.If unchecked, these untreated effluent will seep in to land and would lead to soil contamination, pollution in ground watertable and their runoff may also lead to pollution of nearby water sources. Hence, their proper treatment before disposal isnecessary.


About Effluent Treatment Plant
Effluent from such used batteries mainly consists of sulphates and sulphides of lead, small quantity of lead and dilutedsulphuric acid. Further effluent from container washing which mainly contains small quantity of lead is also fed to the ETP.This effluent has low pH values. pH balancing agent (caustic or lime in this case) is added to adjust the pH and also for coagulation. The effluent is then mixed for Flocculation. The floccs so formed are settled and dewatered on a Sludge Bed (orthrough Filter Press). Treated effluent after this is further polished using filters. While treated water may be disposed or usedas permitted by law, sludge is recharged into furnaces for recycling and reclamation of lead*.


Description of Process
An Effluent Treatment Plant for lead recycling units can be designed as a Batch Type unit or as a Continuous Unit. This mainlydepends on the quantity of effluent to be handled. While smaller quantities can be treated in batches, quantities above 10kl/day are to be treated in Continuous
Operating Units


Batch Type Unit
Effluent from used batteries and from container washing is stored in a receiving tank. It is then lifted with the help of an acidproof pump and fed to a Clari-flocculator. Required dosing of alkaline additive is mixed in fresh water in a separate dosing tankand also fed to this Clari-flocculator. The Clari-flocculator is a PVC lined cylindrical tank in mild steel construction. It has anelectro-mechanized stirrer for mixing of the effluent with dosing chemical. It has conical bottom with drain valve. Effluent isfed from the top and after requisite dosing, is agitated and mixed. This leads to neutralization, coagulation and thereafterflocculation. Once mixing is stopped and floccs are formed they are allowed to settle at the bottom of the conical tank.

After Characteristics of Effluent before and after Treatment (*However, where only spent acid is fed into the ETP, sludge generated is in the form of sodium sulphate or calcium sulphatewith lesser quantities of lead will be dewatered and stored as hazardous waste instead)


Parameter Before Treatment Approved Range
some time, treated effluent is drained from the side of the tank. Sludge is disposed through the bottom of the tank fordewatering to either Sludge Beds or to Filter Press. Treated effluent is passed through a series of Polishing Filters (a set of Pressure Sand Filter & Activated Carbon Filter) beforedisposal. This improves upon the characteristics of the treated effluent.This is called a Batch type unit as the Clari-flocculator is designed to process effluent of a particular capacity in one operationcycle and no more. After it is completely treated and drained, a second batch of effluent can be treated.

In a Continuous type unit, effluent is consistently fed into the system and is treated continually. Hence, it is suggested fortreatment where higher capacities of effluent is involved. Effluent from used batteries and from container washing is stored in a receiving tank. It is then lifted with the help of an acidproof pump and fed to a Flocculator. Required dosing of alkaline additive is mixed in fresh water in a separate dosing tank andalso fed to this Flocculator. The Flocculator is a PVC lined tank in mild steel construction. It has an electro-mechanized stirrerfor mixing of the effluent with dosing chemical. It has conical bottom with drain valve. Effluent is fed from the top and afterrequisite dosing, is agitated and mixed. This leads to neutralization, coagulation and thereafter flocculation.Effluent with floccs is passed to a Tube Settler. It is a PVC lined tank in mild steel construction. Hexagonal PVC settling mediais fitted in this tank. Effluent is allowed to settle here and as a result, the floccs settle on the PVC media provided and arepassed to the conical bottom of the settler. Sludge is disposed through the bottom of the tank for dewatering to either Sludge


Beds or to Filter Press.
Treated effluent is passed through a series of Polishing Filters (a set of Pressure Sand Filter & Activated Carbon Filter) beforedisposal. This improves upon the characteristics of the treated effluent.


Continuous Treatment Units
Note: Due to continuous up-gradation in technology, specified & projected values may differ in actual products